Comparing Effectiveness of Anti-Virus Web Protection Methods

There's three basic methods being used at the moment to protect web surfers from potential dangers which are static (stale), active and passive.

Static Web Protection

Various companies use the static method which relies on crawling the web in advance to find vulnerabilities and then attempt to warn visitors about these problems as they are about to visit a web site. McAfee's SiteAdvisor and Google both take this approach and it's obviously only as good as your last scan and the malware can easily be cloaked and hidden from these somewhat obvious crawlers. Besides easily being fooled with cloaking, the data is always stale meaning sites good even 10 minutes ago could now be infested with malware and sites previously infested could have been cleaned.

This method isn't optimum for anyone and can be a nightmare for websites tagged as bad to get off the warning list assuming they ever find out they're on it in the first place as their business goes down in flames from traffic going elsewhere.

Active Web Protection

The latest AVG 8 includes a Link Scanner and AVG Search-Shield which aggressively checks pages in Google search results that you're about to visit in real time to help protect the surfer. Unfortunately, AVG made several mistakes, some that could be deemed fatal flaws, which allows this technology to be easily identified so that malware and phishing sites can easily cloak to avoid AVG's detection. Even worse for webmasters is that AVG pre-fetches pages in search results and as adoption of this latest AVG toolbar increases, it is quickly turning into a potential DoS attack on popular sites that show up at the top of Google's most popular searches.

While I think AVG's intentions were good, their current implementation easily identifies every customer using their product and causes webmasters needless bandwidth issues that could be easily resolved on their part with a cache server.

Passive Web Protection

The method used by Avast's Anti-Virus is to use a transparent HTTP proxy meaning that all of your HTTP requests pass through in invisible intermediate proxy service that scans for potential problems in the data stream in real-time. The data is always fresh, checked in real-time, the user agent doesn't change and there are no pre-fetches or needless redundant hits on websites.

The only downside is you don't know the site is bad in advance but that can easily be the case with static protection due to stale data and/or cloaking and active protection due to cloaking.


The Best of All

While the three approaches all have their potential problems it appears a combination of all three is probably the best approach.

Bad Site Database:
The SiteAdvisor/Google type database approach is good to log all known bad sites so they don't get a second chance to fool the other methods with cloaking once their are caught. This cuts down on redundantly checking known bad sites until the webmaster cleans it up and requests a review to clear their site's bad name.

Perhaps the Bad Site database concept needs to become a non-profit dot org so that all of the anti-virus companies can freely feed and use this database without all the corporate walls built up around the ownership of the data for the greater good, something like a SpamHaus type of thing or perhaps merged into SpamHaus.

Optimized Pre-Screening:
The AVG approach of pre-screening a site could be optimized by fixing the toolbar's user agent so it's not detectable and use a shared cache server to avoid behaving like a DoS attack on popular websites. The beauty is that the collective mind of all these toolbars with an undetectable user agent avoids the cloaking used to thwart detection associated with known crawlers. If the toolbar fed the results of these bad sites to the Bad Site Database, then there's a win-win for everyone.

Transparent Screening:
The final approach used by Avast should still be performed which is the HTTP proxy screening to that any site that manages to not be in the bad site database and still eludes the active pre-screening of pages, would hopefully get snared as the page loads into the machine.

Summary

When you pile up all of this security the chances of failure still exist but the end user is protected and informed as much as humanly possible from all of the threats present.

It would certainly be nice to see some of the anti-virus providers combine their efforts as outlined above to make the internet a safer place to visit.